A Tithi is a lunar day in the traditional Hindu calendar system. It represents one-thirtieth of a lunar month and is based on the angular relationship between Surya and Chandra.
Here's how it works: A Tithi begins when the longitudinal angle between Surya and Candra is a multiple of 12 degrees, and it ends when this angle increases by another 12 degrees. Since the Moon moves at varying speeds in its orbit, Tithis can range from about 19 to 26 hours in duration, unlike solar days which are consistently 24 hours.
There are 15 Tithis in each lunar fortnight (Paksha). The waxing phase (Shukla Paksha) runs from the new moon to the full moon, while the waning phase (Krishna Paksha) runs from the full moon back to the new moon. Each Tithi has a specific name and significance in Hindu tradition.
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Tithi Names
Maharsi Parasara in his Parasaratantra gives different set of names for the Tithis. Those have been mentioned here in the table.
Tithi Devata
क्रमात्तिथीनां ब्रह्माग्नो विरिचिविष्णशैलजाः ॥
विनायकयमो नागचंद्रौ स्कंदौऽर्कवासवौ ।
महेन्द्रवासवौ नागदुर्गादंडधराह्वयः ॥
शिवविष्णू हरिरवी कामः सर्वःकली ततः ।
चन्द्रविश्वेदर्शसंज्ञतिथीशाः पितरः स्मृताः ॥ (Rf. NP)
कमलजविधातृहरियमशशाङ्कषड्वक्त्रशक्रवसुभुजगाः ।
धर्मेशसवितृमन्मथकलयो विश्वे च तिथिपतयः ॥
पितरोऽमावस्यायां संज्ञासदृशाश्च तैः क्रियाः कार्याः । (Rf. VS)
नन्दा भृगो सोमसुते च भद्रा
भौमे जया सूर्यसुते च रिक्ता ।
पूर्णा गुरौ पञ्चसु पञ्च सिद्धाः
शुभावहाः शोभनकर्मनिष्ठाः ॥ (Rf. VM/MD)
नन्दा दैत्यगुरौ शशाङ्कबुधयोर्भद्रा जया भूमिजे ।
रिक्ताऽर्कार्किदिने सुरेड्यदिवसे पूर्णां च सिद्धिप्रदा ॥ (Rf. SS)
आदित्यभौमयोर्नन्दा भद्रा शुक्रशशाङ्कयोः।
जया सौम्ये शनौ रिक्ता गुरौ पूर्णोऽमृताः शुभाः ॥ (Rf. NP)
Tithi Janmaphala
Note: While making predictions, situations pertaining to one's country need to be understood. The time when the classics were written was different from today's time. Readers should arrange the results as per their own understanding in accordance with the given points.
निविद्धायां तिथौ सौम्यविद्धायां च शुभं फलम् ।
अनिष्टं पापविद्धायां तिथौ भवति निश्चितम् ॥
[On an unafflicted lunar day and on one associated by benefic planets, the result is auspicious. On a lunar day afflicted by malefic planets, the result is certainly inauspicious.]
नंदातिथौ नरो जातो महामानी च कोविदः ।
देवताभक्तिनिष्ठश्च ज्ञानी च प्रियवत्सल ॥
[A person born on Nanda Tithi becomes greatly honored, learned, devoted to deities, wise, and affectionate.]
भद्रातिथौ वन्धुमान्यो राजसेत्री धनान्वितः ।
संसारभयभीतश्च परमार्थमतिर्नरः ॥
[One born on Bhadra Tithi becomes respected by relatives, enjoys royal favor, is wealthy, fears worldly existence, and has a mind inclined toward the supreme truth.]
जयातिथौ राजपूज्यः पुत्रपौत्रादिसंयुतः ।
शूरःशान्तश्च दीर्घायुर्महाविज्ञश्च जायते ॥
[One born on Jaya Tithi becomes honored by kings, blessed with sons and grandsons, heroic, peaceful, long-lived, and greatly learned.]
रिक्तातिथौ वित्तहीनः प्रमादी गुरुनिन्दकः ।
शास्त्रज्ञमतहन्ता च कामुकश्च नरोभवेत् ॥
[One born on Rikta Tithi becomes devoid of wealth, negligent, critical of teachers, criticizes the opinions of those well-versed in scriptures, and lustful.]
पूर्णातिथौ धनैःपूर्णो वेदशास्त्रार्थ तत्ववित् ।
सत्यवादी शुद्धचेता जातो भवति मानवः ॥
[A person born on Poorna Tithi becomes full of wealth, knowledgeable of the true meaning of Vedas and scriptures, truthful, and pure-hearted.]
1. One born on Pratipada has a huge family, is endowed with wisdom, thinking skills, is adorned with jewels, has good character, is attractive and earns money from a king.
2. One born on Dwitiya is generous, compassionate, skilled, thoughtful, endowed with virtuous character, has good physique and attains fame.
3. One born on Tritiya is given to indulgence in sexual activities, has impure/less knowledge, is powerful, is conferred with wealth from royal family, stays in foreign lands, is clever, engrossed in material pleasures and full of pride.
Notes: Foreign lands hereby, means away from birth place. It can be different city, state or even a country. Nowadays, though going in foreign lands is considered good, it was not the case in ancient period.
4. One born on Chaturthi is a borrower, courageous, talented, stingy, gambler, lustful, of unstable nature and is a debater.
5. One born on Panchami is bestowed with beauty, spouse, children, has a compassionate nature, is honoured by a king and is generous.
6. One born on Shashthi stands true to his words, is blessed with wealth & children, has long thighs & knees, is powerful, adorned with beauty, wise, excellent and has wounds over body.
7. One born on Saptami is knowledgeable, bestowed with qualities, has huge eyes, is noble minded, has devotion towards Devas, blessed with girl child, steals others wealth and destroys the enemies.
8. One born on Ashtami is blessed with different kinds of wealth & progeny, has a kind nature, associated with kings, endowed with knowledge, has affection towards spouse and is unstable in nature.
9. One born on Navami is against the work of his siblings, harsh at words, clever, argumentative, has low character and is bereft of honor.
10. One born on Dashami is involved in religious/righteous activities, endowed with wealth, has long neck, knows about Shastras, is magnanimous, humble, good looking and libidinous.
11. One born on Ekadashi worships the Devas and Brahmins, is a donor, has a kind heart, is proficient, virtuous, engaged in Punya Karma (actions of religious merit) and stays happy.
12. One born on Dwadashi likes playing in water, is business minded, stays lavishly at own house, donates food, receives wealth through kings and is well known.
13. One born on Trayodashi is adorned with beauty, dominated by Sattva, has long neck, blessed with progeny, is valorous and intelligent.
14. One born on Chaturdashi is cruel, brave, wise, has a laughter on his face, salacious, stubborn, argumentative and short tempered.
15. One born on Poornima has a handsome physique, earns wealth through righteous means, endowed with many wives, gets happiness, is driven by enjoyment, is kind and has good qualities.
Notes: On Poornima, Candra is very strong. It shines brightly and as it's effect one born on Poornima has a glowing skin.
16. One born on Amavasya is peaceful, sensible, devoted to his mother and father, earns through hard work, runs behind wealth, gains respect in the society, is without Kanti (glow) and has a feeble body.
Notes: Candra is extremely weak feeble on Amavasya. Candra being associated with water element, is the nourishing factor. Our body is approximately made up of 60% water and as Candra is weak, ones born on Amavasya are prone to have weak body. Such natives can also face issues related to skin.
The texts that outline the application of Pañcāṅga in Jātaka are largely unavailable. A spurious Paramparā has generated significant confusion surrounding the Pañcāṅga by proposing several unfounded theories that lack any classical foundation. The implications of birth on various Tithis, as presented in Jātakābharanam, Mānasāgari, and Horā Ratnam, are rather broad and do not offer specific insights. Nevertheless, the scribe was fortunate enough to discover a few rare verses within certain texts and manuscripts. The methods developed by the scribe are substantiated by the scriptures, in contrast to the unfounded theory of evaluating marriage based on Tithis.
The ancient scriptures indicate that Tithi is the significator of prosperity. The texts have mentioned 8 different forms of Devī Laksmi. Tithi is the indicator of the blessings of Devī Laksmi. When an individual is born during a favorable Tithi Yoga, provided that the Tithi is not Kshaya Tithi and the Tithi Lord is positioned advantageously, the individual is likely to attain prosperity. Birth under Siddha Yoga is considered auspicious. The Tithi Lord's position is considered favorable in the Trikoṇa, as well as in the 2nd and 11th Bhāva. If the Tithi Lord is linked with benefic planets and resides in its own Horā, financial success is guaranteed in the natal chart. Conversely, if the Tithi Lord is situated in Trika Bhāva under adverse conditions and occupies unfavorable divisions, negative outcomes are anticipated. To alleviate poverty, specific remedial actions can be undertaken, as advised by the Jyotiṣī based on the Tithi Devatā and Tithi Lord. Specific rituals need to be performed if the birth has occurred on some inauspicious Tithis.
Graha & Bhava Tithi
Now, an alternative method is being described. First, determine the degrees of the planet in question and then subtract the degrees of Surya from this value. Next, divide the resulting figure by 12. After that, add 1 to this number, which will yield the Tithi of the planet in question. If the Tithi falls within Poorna, the planet will provide complete outcomes. The wise should interpret the effects accordingly.
Formula
A: Degrees of planet in consideration
B: Degrees of Surya
{(A - B) ÷ 12} + 1
For instance, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has Brihaspati positioned at 6 degrees in Kumbha, corresponding to 306 degrees, and the Surya at 0 degrees in Kanya, which corresponds to 18 degrees. By performing a subtraction, we arrive at 126, which when divided by 12 results in a quotient of 10 and a remainder of 6. Adding 1 to 6 gives us 7, signifying Bhadra Tithi. Next, it is essential to analyze the positions of Brihaspati and Budha to comprehend the outcomes.
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